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Powdery mildew infects a wide range of crops and economic plants, causing substantial losses. Rubber trees ( Hevea brasiliensis ) are the primary source of natural rubber, and powdery mildew infection causes significant losses to natural rubber yields. How the causal agent,  Erysiphe quercicola , establishes successful infection in rubber trees is largely unknown. Previously, 133 candidate secreted effector proteins (CSEPs) were identified in powdery mildew fungus. In this study, we characterize a CSEP named EqCSEP01276 for its function in suppressing host plant defense responses. We show that EqCSEP01276 is a secreted protein and is able to disturb the localization of 9- cis -epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 5 (HbNCED5), a key enzyme in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis in plant cell chloroplasts of  H .  brasiliensis . We also show that this effector inhibits ABA biosynthesis, and that in  H .  brasiliensis  ABA is a positive regulator of the plant immune response against powdery mildew. Our study reveals a strategy by which powdery mildew fungus manipulates plant ABA-mediated defense for a successful infection.

A Candidate Secreted Effector Protein of Rubber Tree Powdery Mildew Fungus Contributes to Infection by Regulating Plant ABA Biosynthesis