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When jellyfish blooms decay, sinking jellyfish detrital organic matter (jelly-OM), rich in proteins and characterized by a low C:N ratio, becomes a significant source of OM for marine microorganisms. Yet, the key players and the process of microbial jelly-OM degradation and the consequences for marine ecosystems remain unclear. We simulated the scenario potentially experienced by the coastal pelagic microbiome after the decay of a bloom of the cosmopolitan  Aurelia aurita  s.l. We show that about half of the jelly-OM is instantly available as dissolved organic matter and thus, exclusively and readily accessible to microbes. During a typical decay of an  A. aurita  bloom in the northern Adriatic Sea about 100 mg of jelly-OM L –1  becomes available, about 44 μmol L –1  as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 13 μmol L –1  as total dissolved nitrogen, 11 μmol L –1  of total hydrolyzable dissolved amino acids (THDAA) and 0.6 μmol L –1  PO 4  3– . The labile jelly-OM was degraded within 1.5 days (>98% of proteins, ∼70% of THDAA, 97% of dissolved free amino acids and the entire jelly-DOC pool) by a consortium of  Pseudoalteromonas ,  Alteromonas , and  Vibrio . These bacteria accounted for >90% of all metabolically active jelly-OM degraders, exhibiting high bacterial growth efficiencies. This implies that a major fraction of the detrital jelly-OM is rapidly incorporated into biomass by opportunistic bacteria. Microbial processing of jelly-OM resulted in the accumulation of tryptophan, dissolved combined amino acids and inorganic nutrients, with possible implications for biogeochemical cycles.

Microbial Processing of Jellyfish Detritus in the Ocean