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Glucose is the most favorable carbon source for many bacteria, and these bacteria have several glucose-responsive networks. We proposed new glucose responsive system, which includes protein acetylation and probable translation control through TsaEBD, which is a tRNA modification enzyme required for the synthesis of threonylcarbamoyl adenosine (t 6 A)-tRNA. The system also includes nucleoid-associated protein YlxR, regulating more than 400 genes including many metabolic genes and the  ylxR -containing operon driven by the P ylxS  promoter is induced by glucose. Thus, transposon mutagenesis was performed for searching regulatory factors for P ylxS  expression. As a result,  ywlE  was identified. The McsB kinase phosphorylates arginine (Arg) residues of proteins and the YwlE phosphatase counteracts against McsB through Arg-dephosphorylation. Phosphorylated Arg has been known to function as a tag for ClpCP-dependent protein degradation. The previous analysis identified TsaD as an Arg-phosphorylated protein. Our results showed that the McsB/YwlE system regulates P ylxS  expression through ClpCP-mediated protein degradation of TsaD. In addition, we observed that glucose induced  ywlE  expression and repressed  mcsB  expression. It was concluded that these phenomena would cause glucose induction (GI) of P ylxS , based on the Western blot analyses of TsaD-FLAG. These observations and the previous those that many glycolytic enzymes are Arg-phosphorylated suggested that the McsB/YwlE system might be involved in cell growth in glucose-containing medium. We observed that the disruption of  mcsB  and  ywlE  resulted in an increase of cell mass and delayed growth, respectively, in semi-synthetic medium. These results provide us broader insights to the physiological roles of the McsB/YwlE system and protein Arg-phosphorylation.

frontiers in microbiology

Glucose-Mediated Protein Arginine Phosphorylation/Dephosphorylation Regulates ylxR Encoding Nucleoid-Associated Protein and Cell Growth in Bacillus subtilis