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The purpose of this study was to characterize the complete sequence of a novel plasmid carrying tigecycline resistance gene  tet (X) and carbapenemase gene  bla  OXA-58  from a swine  Acinetobacter  sp. strain SH19PTT10. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed using microbroth dilution method. The isolate SH19PTT10 was highly resistant (16 mg/L) to tigecycline, and also exhibited resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Although SH19PTT10 harbored  bla  OXA-58 , it was susceptible to cefotaxime and meropenem. The genome sequence of SH19PTT10 was determined using PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing. Plasmid pYUSHP10-1 had a size of 174,032 bp and showed partial homology to several plasmids found in  Acinetobacter  isolates. It contained two  repA  genes, putative toxin-antitoxin systems (HipA/HipB, RelE/RelB, and BrnT/BrnA), partitioning genes ( parA  and  parB ), and heavy metal resistance-associated genes ( copA / copB ,  nrp , and  czcA / czcD ) but the transfer region or proteins was not found. pYUSHP10-1 carried 16 resistance genes, mainly clustered in two mosaic multiresistance regions (MRRs). The first MRR contained  sul3 ,  qacI - aadA1 - clmA1 - aadA2 - bla CARB-2- dfrA16  cassette,  aac(3) - IId , and  bla  OXA-58 . The  bla  OXA-58  gene was associated with IS Aba3 , as previously described. The second MRR is the  tet (X) region (IS Acsp12 - aph(3') - Ia -IS 26 -Δ xerD - tet (X)- res -IS CR2 - sul2 ) related to the corresponding region in other  tet (X)-bearing plasmids. The p dif  sites, as well as mobile elements, play an important role in mobilization of DNA modules and plasmid evolution. Coexistence of numerous resistance genes on a single plasmid may contribute to the dissemination of these genes under pressure posed by different agents, which may explain the presence of clinically crucial resistance genes  tet (X) and  bla  OXA-58  in livestock. Thus, rational drug use and continued surveillance of  tet (X) and  bla  OXA-58  in livestock are warranted.

Coexistence of blaOXA-58 and tet(X) on a Novel Plasmid in Acinetobacter sp. From Pig in Shanghai, China