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Staphylococcus aureus  is a common commensal of humans, and its translocation from gastrointestine to peripheral organs and tissues could cause severe diseases and complications. This study focuses on the screening and characterization of  Lactobacillus  strains with significant inhibitory effect on the translocation of  S. aureus  through Caco-2 monolayers. First, strains with strong affinity for mucin and Caco-2 cells were obtained, via microtiter plate assay and adhesion assay, respectively. Obtained bacteria were further tested for their inhibitory effects on the growth of  S. aureus  by well diffusion assay. Subsequently, two strains preincubated with Caco-2 monolayers were found to inhibit the translocation of  S. aureus  CMCC26003 by 80.95 and 43.96%, respectively, via the transcellular translocation assay. These two strains were then identified to be  Lactobacillus fermentum  NCU3087 and  L. fermentum  NCU3088. Second, the mechanism of inhibition was investigated by analyzing the relative concentration of tight junction proteins and proinflammatory cytokines of Caco-2 cells, by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results showed that both NCU3087 and NCU3088 significantly attenuated the degradation of occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1, and JAM-1 and suppressed the secretion of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α induced by  S. aureus , to different extent. Moreover, two  Lactobacillus  strains could barely translocate the Caco-2 monolayers, had no hemolytic activity, displayed strong resistance to gastrointestinal fluids, and were sensitive or moderate sensitive to nine clinically relevant antibiotics. Collectively, this study identified two  Lactobacillus  strains with significant inhibitory effect on the translocation of  S. aureus , and their safeness for application was evaluated, thereby providing potential solutions for prevention of  S. aureus  and prophylaxis of related diseases.

frontiers in microbiology

Screening, Safety Evaluation, and Mechanism of Two Lactobacillus fermentum Strains in Reducing the Translocation of Staphylococcus aureus in the Caco-2 Monolayer Model