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In order to investigated diversity and geographic distribitution of rhizobia associated with invasive  Mimosa  species,  Mimosa  nodules and soils around the plants were sampled from five provinces in southern China. In total, 361 isolates were obtained from  Mimosa pudica  and  Mimosa diplotricha  in 25 locations. A multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) including 16S rRNA,  atpD ,  dnaK ,  glnA ,  gyrB , and  recA  identified the isolates into eight genospecies corresponding to  Paraburkhleria mimosarum ,  Paraburkholderia phymatum ,  Paraburkholeria carbensis ,  Cupriavidus taiwanensis ,  Cupriavidus  sp.,  Rhizobium altiplani ,  Rhizobium mesoamericanum , and  Rhizobium etli . The majority of the isolates were  Cupriavidus  (62.6%), followed by  Paraburkholderia  (33.5%) and  Rhizobium  (2.9%).  Cupriavidus  strains were more predominant in nodules of  M. diplotricha  (76.2) than in  M. pudica  (59.9%), and the distribution of  P. phymatum  in those two plant species was reverse (3.4:18.2%). Four symbiotypes were defined among the isolates based upon the phylogeny of  nodA - nifH  genes, represented by  P. mimosarum ,  P. phymatum – P. caribensis ,  Cupriavidus  spp., and  Rhizobium  spp. The species affiliation and the symbiotype division among the isolates demonstrated the multiple origins of  Mimosa  rhizobia in China: most were similar to those found in the original centers of  Mimosa  plants, but  Cupriavidus  sp. might have a local origin. The unbalanced distribution of symbionts between the two  Mimosa  species might be related to the soil pH, organic matter and available nitrogen;  Cupriavidus  spp. generally dominated most of the soils colonized by  Mimosa  in this study, but it had a particular preference for neutral-alkaline soils with low fertility whereas. While  Paraburkholderia  spp. preferred more acidic and fertile soils. The  Rhizobium  spp. tended to prefer neutral–acidic soils with high fertility soils.

Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Microsymbionts Associated With Invasive Mimosa Species in Southern China