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A new polyketide-non-ribosomal peptide hybrid molecule, pyranoviolin A ( 1 ), was discovered from the genome-sequenced fungus  Aspergillus violaceofuscus  CBS 115571 and was characterized to be the first pyranonigrin analog harboring the C-3 methoxy group. Examination of the genome sequence of the fungus identified a putative biosynthetic gene cluster of  1 , which was designated as the  pyv  cluster. The gene deletion experiment of the polyketide synthase (PKS)-non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) hybrid gene in the cluster confirmed the involvement of the  pyv  cluster in the pyranoviolin A biosynthesis. Finally, a plausible biosynthetic route leading to  1  has been proposed based on the bioinformatic analysis. Our study indicates that metabolite analysis of genome-sequenced microorganisms whose metabolites have been largely unexplored facilitates the discovery of new secondary metabolites along with their biosynthetic gene clusters.

Discovery of Pyranoviolin A and Its Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in Aspergillus violaceofuscus