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Due to its drug resistant nature, β-lactamase represents a serious challenge for public health. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing  Klebsiella pneumoniae  clones are increasingly reported worldwide. Little is known about the prevalence and biological characteristics of drug-resistant strains in zoos. During routine surveillance at the Zhengzhou Zoo of China, we found  Klebsiella pneumoniae  isolate in healthy Red Kangaroos ( Macropus Rufus ) with severe MDR. The  Klebsiella pneumoniae  were especially resistant to Cefuroxime Sodium (MIC, > 64 μg/mL), Ceftriaxone (MIC, >8 μg/mL) and Cefepime (MIC, >64 μg/mL), and belonged to ST290. Subsequently, whole genome sequencing (WGS) showed that the Chrome Chr-M297-1 harbored  bla  DHA–3 ,  bla  SHV–1 ,  bla  CTX–M–14 ,  fosA5 ,  dfrA3 ,  sul3 , etc., and pM297-1.1 [222,864 bp, IncFIB(K)], which carried nine antimicrobial genes including  bla  CTX–M–14 ,  bla  TEM–191 ,  aph(3″)-Ib ,  aph(6)-Id  and  qnrS1 , etc., and pM297-1.2 [225,763 bp, IncFII(K)] carried 22 antimicrobial genes including  bla  TEM–1 ,  bla  CTX–M–3 ,  aph(3′)-Ia ,  aac(3)-IIa ,  aac(6′)-Ib-cr ,  aadA16 ,  qnrB2 ,  qnrS1 ,  qacEΔ1 ,  mphA ,  sul1 , and  dfrA27 , etc. A traceability analysis then revealed that these two plasmids were highly similar to those recovered from human clinical samples in some southern cities in Sichuan Province, China (>99%), suggesting that these plasmids are spreading in China. Furthermore, two plasmids harboring conjugal transfer genes facilitated the transmission of antimicrobial genes by conjugation with  E. coli  J53. Our research shows that the transmission and adaptation of  Klebsiella pneumoniae  producing ESBLs is occurring in zoo environments, suggesting that zoos may be becoming important potential reservoirs for clinically important drug-resistant genes. It is therefore necessary to monitor the emergence and spread of drug-resistant gene strains in captive wild animals held in zoo environments.

Characteristics and Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae From Red Kangaroo, China