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Limited data are available on the contribution of wildlife to the spread of antibacterial resistance. We determined the prevalence of resistance to antibiotics in  Escherichia coli  isolates collected from wild animals in 2013 and 2014 and the genetic basis for resistance to third-generation cephalosporin in Guadeloupe. We recovered 52 antibiotic-resistant (AR)  E. coli  strains from 48 of the 884 (5.4%) wild animals tested (46 iguanas, 181 birds, 289 anoles, and 368 rodents at 163 sampling sites). Rodents had higher rates of carriage ( n  = 38, 10.3%) than reptiles and birds (2.4% and 1.1%, respectively,  p  < 0.001). A significant association ( p  < 0.001) was found between the degree of anthropization and the frequency of AR  E. coli  carriage for all species. The carriage rate of ciprofloxacin- and cefotaxime-resistant isolates was 0.7% (6/884) and 1.5% (13/884), respectively. Most (65.4%) AR  E. coli  were multi-drug resistant, and the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing  E. coli  was low ( n  = 7, 0.8%) in all species. Eight ESBL-producing  E. coli  were recovered, two genetically unrelated isolates being found in one bird. These isolates and 20 human invasive ESBL  E. coli  isolates collected in Guadeloupe during the same period were investigated by whole genome sequencing.  bla  CTX–M–1  was the only ESBL gene shared by three animal classes (humans,  n  = 2; birds,  n  = 2; rodents,  n  = 2). The  bla  CTX–M–1  gene and most of the antimicrobial resistance genes were present in a large conjugative IncI1 plasmid that was highly similar (>99% nucleotide identity) to ESBL-carrying plasmids found in several countries in Europe and in Australia. Although the prevalence of ESBL-producing  E. coli  isolates was very low in wild animals, it is of concern that the well-conserved IncI1 plasmid-carrying  bla  CTX–M–1  is widespread and occurs in various  E. coli  strains from animals and humans.

frontiers in microbiology

Antimicrobial Resistance in Wildlife in Guadeloupe (French West Indies): Distribution of a Single blaCTX–M–1/IncI1/ST3 Plasmid Among Humans and Wild Animals