English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

A survey was carried out on forest soils and grassland soils from Hebei and Sichuan provinces using  Tenebrio molitor  larvae as a bait, and high-throughput DNA sequencing (HTS) of the fungal internal transcribed spacer-2 ribosomal DNA was used to monitor the natural distribution of three leading hypocrealean families of insect fungal pathogens ( Clavicipitaceae ,  Cordycipitaceae , and  Ophiocordycipitaceae ). The occurrence of insect fungal pathogens in soil samples from 98 different sites was compared. The use of insect bait indicated that entomopathogenic fungi of the genus  Metarhizium  were predominant, followed by  Beauveria  and  Isaria . Molecular characterization using the Mz_FG543 intergenic region revealed that the  Metarhizium  species pool was phylogenetically composed of three closely related species as follows;  Metarhizium pingshaense  ( n  = 74),  Metarhizium robertsii  ( n  = 51), and  Metarhizium brunneum  ( n  = 26), as well as one isolate which clustered with  Metarhizium flavoviride . Nine potentially new phylogenetic species were delimited within the  M. flavoviride  species complex by sequencing of the 5′ elongation factor-1 alpha region locus. The  Beauveria  ( n  = 64) and  Isaria  ( n  = 5) isolates were characterized  via  sequence analyses of the Bloc region. An intergenic spacer phylogeny of the  Beauveria  isolate assemblage revealed the phylogenetic species within the  Beauveria bassiana  clade. Interestingly, the individuals of  M. pingshaense  ( n  = 18) and  M. brunneum  ( n  = 12) exhibited the presence of both mating types in Sichuan Province. Similarly, for the  Beauveria  isolates, reproductive mode assays demonstrated that all four  B. bassiana  subclades possessed bipolar outcrossing mating systems. Of these, 19 isolates contained two mating types, and the rest were fixed for single mating types, revealing opportunities for intra-lineage heterothallic mating. The HTS results showed a significantly higher occurrence of the  Clavicipitaceae  family and the  Metarhizium  genus in the soil samples. The Venn diagram showed  Metarhizium anisopliae  ( senso lato ),  Isaria farinose , and  B. bassiana  as frequently abundant fungal pathogen operational taxonomic units (core) across sampling sites, while the baiting method showed that the genus of  Isaria  was isolated locally. The Mantel test verified that community dissimilarity increased significantly with geographical distance, suggesting that geographical coordinates are possible factors that influence the insect fungal pathogen community composition in the studied sites. This study is the first to highlight the usefulness of utilizing soil baiting and deep sequencing to investigate the population dynamics of entomopathogens in soil.

frontiers in microbiology

Meta-Analysis and Evaluation by Insect-Mediated Baiting Reveal Different Patterns of Hypocrealean Entomopathogenic Fungi in the Soils From Two Regions of China