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Aquatic environments act as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance from these environments is of increasing concern. In this study, a multidrug-resistant bacterial strain, identified as  Rheinheimera  sp. D18, was isolated from the sea water of an industrial maricultural system in the Yellow Sea, China. Whole-genome sequencing of D18 revealed the presence of a novel 25.8 kb antibiotic resistance island, designated GEI-D18A, which carries several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including  aadA1 ,  aacA3 ,  tetR ,  tet (B),  catA ,  dfrA37 , and three  sul1  genes. Besides, integrase, transposase, resolvase, and recombinase encoding genes were also identified in GEI-D18A. The transferability of GEI-D18A was confirmed by mating experiments between  Rheinheimera  sp. D18 and  Escherichia coli  25DN, and efflux pump inhibitor assays also suggested that  tet (B) in GEI-D18A was responsible for tetracycline resistance in both D18 and the transconjugant. This study represents the first characterization of a mobilizable antibiotic resistance island in a species of  Rheinheimera  and provides evidence that  Rheinheimera  spp. could be important reservoirs and vehicles for ARGs in the Yellow Sea area.

frontiers in microbiology

Novel Mobilizable Genomic Island GEI-D18A Mediates Conjugational Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Multidrug-Resistant Strain Rheinheimera sp. D18