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Methicillin-resistant  Staphylococcus aureus  (MRSA) is recognized as one of the serious pathogen that causes acquired infections worldwide. Its emerging need to discover novel, safe and potent anti-MRSA drugs. In this study, primary screening by anti-MRSA activity assay found one strain WA5-2-37 isolated from the intestinal tract of  Periplaneta americana , exhibited great activity against MRSA ATCC 43300. The strain WA5-2-37 produced actinomycin X 2  and collismycin A which showed strong inhibition of MRSA with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.25 and 8 μg/mL. The structures of the pure compounds were elucidated by analysis of mass spectrometry (MS),  1 H and  13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The strain WA5-2-37 was considered as  Streptomyces globisporus  on the basis of morphological characteristics, genotypic data, and phylogenetic analysis. This is the first reported naturally occurring strain of  S. globisporus  isolated from the intestinal tract of  P. americana , whereas it has almost been found from plants, marine, and soil previously. Moreover,  S. globisporus  has not been reported to produce any anti-MRSA substances previously, such as actinomycin X 2  and collismycin A. In conclusion, the insect-derived strain of  S. globisporus  WA5-2-37 was considered of great potential as a new strain of producing actinomycin X 2 , collismycin A or other anti-MRSA compounds.

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Anti-MRSA Activity of Actinomycin X2 and Collismycin A Produced by Streptomyces globisporus WA5-2-37 From the Intestinal Tract of American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana)