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The thermal resistance of fermenting microbes is a key characteristic of stable fermentation at high temperatures. Therefore, the effects of various metal ions on the growth of  Zymomonas mobilis  TISTR 548, a thermotolerant ethanologenic bacterium, at a critical high temperature (CHT) were examined. Addition of Mg 2+  and K +  increased CHT by 1°C, but the effects of the addition of Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , and Zn 2+  on CHT were negligible. To understand the physiological functions associated with the addition of Mg 2+  or K + , cell morphology, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and ethanol productivity were investigated at 39°C (i.e., above CHT). Cell elongation was repressed by Mg 2+ , but not by K + . Addition of both metals reduced intracellular ROS level, with only K +  showing the highest reduction strength, followed by both metals and only Mg 2+ . Additionally, ethanol productivity was recovered with the addition of both metals. Moreover, the addition of Mg 2+  or K +  at a non-permissive temperature in 26 thermosensitive, single gene-disrupted mutants of  Z .  mobilis  TISTR 548 revealed that several mutants showed metal ion-specific growth improvement. Remarkably, K +  repressed growth of two mutants. These results suggest that K +  and Mg 2+  enhance cell growth at CHT via different mechanisms, which involve the maintenance of low intracellular ROS levels.

Enhancement of Thermal Resistance by Metal Ions in Thermotolerant Zymomonas mobilis TISTR 548