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Research into the cooperative pathogenicity of microbes in cystic fibrosis (CF) lungs is crucial for an understanding of the pathophysiology of infections and the development of novel treatment strategies. This study investigated the impact of the common CF-associated bacterial pathogen  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  on the black yeast  Exophiala dermatitidis . It evaluated the planktonic growth, biofilm formation, morphology, and virulence of the fungus in the presence or absence of  P. aeruginosa . It also determined the role of  P. aeruginosa  quorum-sensing (QS) molecules within these interactions, e.g., by using sterile culture filtrate and QS-deficient mutants.  P. aeruginosa  is known to inhibit the planktonic growth of  E. dermatitidis . We found that fungal biofilm formation increased in the presence of  P. aeruginosa  after 24 h but is decreased significantly after 48 h. This effect was reversed when, instead of QS wild-type strains, ΔlasR, and ΔrhlR mutants were added to  E. dermatitidis  biofilm formation. The number and length of hyphae were substantially reduced when  E. dermatitidis  was co-cultivated with  P. aeruginosa , but not when it was co-cultivated with the mutants. Experiments testing the virulence of  E. dermatitidis  in the greater wax moth  Galleria mellonella  showed a synergetic effect on larval killing when  E. dermatitidis  was injected together with  P. aeruginosa  culture filtrate. Survival rates were decreased when biofilm culture filtrate was added but not when planktonic culture filtrate was added. In summary,  P. aeruginosa  affects the growth, morphology, biofilm formation, and virulence of  E. dermatitidis.  N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone (AHL) QS molecules regulated factors that have been shown to contribute to the inhibition of the ability of  E. dermatitidis  to form filaments and biofilm.

frontiers in microbiology

Phenotypical Characteristics of the Black Yeast Exophiala dermatitidis Are Affected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an Artificial Sputum Medium Mimicking Cystic Fibrosis–Like Conditions