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Eugenia brejoensis  L. (Myrtaceae) is an endemic plant from caatinga ecosystem (brazilian semi-arid) which have an  E. brejoensis  essential oil (EbEO) with reported antimicrobial activity. In this work,  in vitro and in vivo  models were used to characterize the inhibitory effects of EbEO in relation to  Staphylococcus aureus.  EbEO inhibited the growth of all tested  S. aureus  strains (including multidrug resistance isolates) with values ranging from 8 to 516 μg/mL. EbEO also synergistically increased the action of ampicillim, chloramphenicol, and kanamycin. The treatment with subinhibitory concentrations (Sub-MIC) of EbEO decreased  S. aureus  hemolytic activity and its ability to survive in human blood. EbEO strongly reduced the levels of staphyloxanthin (STX), an effect related to increased susceptibility of  S. aureus  to hydrogen peroxide. The efficacy of EbEO against  S. aureus  was further demonstrated using  Caenorhabditis elegans  and  Galleria mellonella . EbEO increased the lifespan of both organisms infected by  S. aureus , reducing the bacterial load. In addition, EbEO reduced the severity of  S. aureus  infection in  G. mellonella , as shown by lower levels of melanin production in those larvae. In summary, our data suggest that EbEO is a potential source of lead molecules for development of new therapeutic alternatives against  S. aureus .

Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Action of Eugenia brejoensis Essential Oil in vitro and in vivo Invertebrate Models