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Staphylococcus aureus  is considered one of the most important foodborne bacterial pathogens causing food poisoning and related illnesses.  S. aureus  strains harbor plasmids encoding genes for virulence and antimicrobial resistance, but few studies have investigated  S. aureus  plasmids, especially megaplasmids, in isolates from retail meats. Furthermore, knowledge about the distribution of genes encoding replication ( rep ) initiation proteins in food isolates is lacking. In this study, the prevalence of plasmids in  S. aureus  strains isolated from retail meats purchased in Oklahoma was investigated; furthermore, we evaluated associations between  rep  families, selected virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, and food source origin. Two hundred and twenty-two  S. aureus  isolates from chicken ( n  = 55), beef liver ( n  = 43), pork ( n  = 42), chicken liver ( n  = 29), beef ( n  = 24), turkey ( n  = 22), and chicken gizzards ( n  = 7) were subjected to plasmid screening with alkaline lysis and PFGE to detect small-to-medium sized and large plasmids, respectively. The  S. aureus  isolates contained variable sizes of plasmids, and PFGE was superior to alkaline lysis in detecting large megaplasmids. A total of 26  rep  families were identified by PCR, and the most dominant  rep  families were  rep  10  and  rep  7  in 164 isolates (89%),  rep  21  in 124 isolates (56%), and  rep  12  in 99 isolates (45%). Relationships between selected  rep  genes, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, and meat sources were detected. In conclusion,  S. aureus  strains isolated from retail meats harbor plasmids with various sizes and there is an association between  rep  genes on these plasmids and the meat source or the antimicrobial resistance of the strains harboring them.

Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Plasmids Associated With Strains Isolated From Various Retail Meats