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Serendipita  (= Piriformospora )  indica  is a fungal endophytic symbiont with the capabilities to enhance plant growth and confer resistance to different stresses. However, the application of this fungus in the field has led to inconsistent results, perhaps due to antagonism with other microbes. Here, we studied the impact of individual bacterial isolates from the endophytic bacterial community on the  in vitro  growth of  S. indica . We further analyzed how combinations of bacteria and  S. indica  influence plant growth and protection against the phytopathogens  Fusarium oxysporum  and  Rhizoctonia solani . Bacterial strains of the genera  Bacillus, Enterobacter  and  Burkholderia  negatively affected  S. indica  growth on plates, whereas  Mycolicibacterium, Rhizobium, Paenibacillus  strains and several other bacteria from different taxa stimulated fungal growth. To further explore the potential of bacteria positively interacting with  S. indica , four of the most promising strains belonging to the genus  Mycolicibacterium  were selected for further experiments. Some dual inoculations of  S. indica  and  Mycolicibacterium  strains boosted the beneficial effects triggered by  S. indica , further enhancing the growth of tomato plants, and alleviating the symptoms caused by the phytopathogens  F. oxysporum  and  R. solani . However, some combinations of  S. indica  and bacteria were less effective than individual inoculations. By analyzing the genomes of the  Mycolicibacterium  strains, we revealed that these bacteria encode several genes predicted to be involved in the stimulation of  S. indica  growth, plant development and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Particularly, a high number of genes related to vitamin and nitrogen metabolism were detected. Taking into consideration multiple interactions on and inside plants, we showed in this study that some bacterial strains may induce beneficial effects on  S. indica  and could have an outstanding influence on the plant-fungus symbiosis.

Beneficial Endophytic Bacteria-Serendipita indica Interaction for Crop Enhancement and Resistance to Phytopathogens