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Diabetes has become the second most severe disease to human health. Probiotics are important for maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis and energy balance and have been demonstrated to play a positive role in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndromes, such as obesity, inflammation, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. The objective of this study was to screen potential antidiabetic strains  in vitro  and evaluate its effects  in vivo . For the  in vitro  section, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory and antioxidant activities of 14 candidate  Lactobacillus  spp. strains were tested. Then hydrophobicity and acid and bile salt tolerance assays were determined. The most promising  in vitro  strain was further evaluated for its antidiabetic properties  in vivo  using type 2 diabetes mice induced by high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The reference strain for this study was  Lactobacillus rhamnosus  GG. Results showed that cell-free excretory supernatants and cell-free extracts of  Lactobacillus acidophilus  KLDS1.0901 had better DPP-IV inhibitory activity, antioxidative activities, and biological characteristics than other strains. At the end of the treatment, we found that  L. acidophilus  KLDS1.0901 administration decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin in serum and AUC glucose , and increased the level of glucagon-like peptide 1 in serum compared with diabetic mice ( p  < 0.05). Moreover,  L. acidophilus  KLDS1.0901 supplementation increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, the level of glutathione, and reduced the level of malondialdehyde in serum. These results indicated that  L. acidophilus  KLDS1.0901 could be used as a potential antidiabetic strain; its application as food supplement and drug ingredient is thus recommended.

Screening for Potential Novel Probiotics With Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV-Inhibiting Activity for Type 2 Diabetes Attenuation in vitro and in vivo