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Six new dihydroisocoumarins, aspergimarins A−F ( 1 − 6 ), were discovered together with five known analogs ( 7 − 11 ) from a monoculture of the sponge-derived fungus  Aspergillus  sp. NBUF87. The structures of these compounds were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic methods, and absolute configurations were assigned after X-ray crystallography, use of the modified Mosher’s method, and comparison of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data with literature values for previously reported analogs. Compounds  1 − 11  were evaluated in a variety of bioassays, and at 100 μM, both  1  and  5  showed significant inhibitory effects on the lateral root growth of  Arabidopsis thaliana  Columbia-0 (Col-0). Moreover, at 100 μM,  5  also possessed notable inhibition against the primary root growth of Col-0. Meanwhile,  1 − 11  were all found to be inactive  in vitro  against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (IC 50  > 100 μM), four different types of human-derived cancer cell lines (IC 50  > 50 μM), as well as methicillin-resistant  Staphylococcus aureus  and  Escherichia coli  (MIC > 50 μg/mL), and  Plasmodium falciparum  W2 (EC 50  > 100 μg/mL), in phenotypic tests.

New Dihydroisocoumarin Root Growth Inhibitors From the Sponge-Derived Fungus Aspergillus sp. NBUF87