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The special ecological environment of the Arctic has brought about a large number of salt-tolerant and psychrotolerant microorganisms. We isolated two culturable bacterial strains of the genus  Mesonia ; one from the Arctic ocean,  Mesonia algae  K4-1, and one from the tropical sea,  Mesonia  sp. HuA40. Our genome analysis and phenotypic experiments indicated that  Mesonia algae  K4-1 is a moderately halophilic and psychrophilic bacterium.  Mesonia algae  K4-1 can tolerate 3–14% NaCl and grow at a wide range of temperatures from 4 to 50°C.  Mesonia  sp. HuA40 is a mesophilic bacterium that can only grow with 3–9% NaCl. In addition, the salt adaptation strategy of  Mesonia algae  K4-1 accumulates organic osmolytes in the cell. RNA helicases, glutathione and organic compatible solutes may play important roles in maintaining the metabolism and physiological function of  Mesonia algae  K4-1 under cold stress. Moreover, the ability of  Mesonia algae  K4-1 to adapt to an oligotrophic marine environment is likely due to the synthesis of a large number of extracellular polysaccharides and the secretion of various families of extracellular proteases. This study systematically analyzed the relationship between genomic differentiation and environmental factors of the  Mesonia  genus and revealed the possible adaptation mechanism of  Mesonia algae  K4-1 in the extreme Arctic marine environment at the genomic level.

Genome Sequencing of Mesonia algae K4-1 Reveals Its Adaptation to the Arctic Ocean