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Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) form the most important resistance determinants prevalent worldwide. Data on ESBL-producing  Escherichia coli  from poultry and livestock are scarce in India. We present data on the functional and genomic characterization of ESBL-producing  E. coli  obtained from poultry in India. The whole genome sequences of 28 ESBL-producing  E. coli  were analyzed comprising of 12 broiler chicken  E. coli  isolates, 11 free-range chicken  E. coli  isolates, and 5 human extraintestinal pathogenic  E. coli . All of the 28 ESBL-producing  E. coli  isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibilities,  in vitro  conjugation, and virulence-associated phenotypic characteristics. A total of 13 sequence types were identified from the poultry  E. coli , which included globally successful sequence types such as ST117 (9%), ST131 (4.3%), and ST10 (4.3%). The most common ESBL gene detected in poultry  E. coli  genomes was  bla  CTX-M-15  (17%). Also, FIB (73%) and FII (73%) were the most common plasmid replicons identified. Conjugation experiments demonstrated 54 (7/13), 30 (3/10), and 40% (2/5) of broiler, free-range, and human ExPEC  E. coli  to be able to transfer their ESBL genes, respectively. The  in vitro  virulence-associated phenotypic tests revealed the broiler, free-range, and human ExPEC isolates to be comparable in biofilm formation, resistance to serum bactericidal activity, adherence, and invasion capabilities. Our overall results showed prevalence of virulence phenotypes among the diverse ESBL-producing  E. coli  from poultry; while certain  E. coli  clones from broiler-poultry may indeed have the potential to cause infection in humans.

frontiers in microbiology

Genomic and Functional Characterization of Poultry Escherichia coli From India Revealed Diverse Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Lineages With Shared Virulence Profiles