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Foods may potentially serve as vehicles for the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant variants of  Staphylococcus aureus  that are important in a human clinical context. Further, retail food products can be a cause of staphylococcal food poisoning. For these reasons and to account for source attribution and risk assessment, detailed information on the population structure, resistance, and virulence profiles of  S. aureus  originating from retail food products is necessary. In the current study, whole-genome sequences from 88  S. aureus  isolates were subjected to bioinformatics analyses in relation to sequence types, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence profiles. The sequence types (ST) identified belonged to 13 clonal complexes (CC) with CC5 and CC398 being the most common. CC398 was identified as the dominant clone ( n  = 31). CC5 was identified as of avian origin, with the presence of φAVβ prophage genes ( n  = 13). In total, 39.8% of the isolates contained multiple resistance genes, and methicillin-resistant  Staphylococcus aureus  (MRSA) isolates were found in CC8, CC9, and CC398. Genes conferring resistance to the antimicrobial classes of β-lactams, tetracycline, and erythromycin were detected in this study, all of which are commonly used in Danish livestock production. The  tst  gene encoding the toxic shock syndrome toxin was for the first time identified in ST398 isolates, probably as a result of a single acquisition of a SaPI-like element. The sushi-CC398 isolates carrying the  scn  gene likely originated from a human reservoir, while the other isolates originated from livestock. Taken together, our results show that both human and animal reservoirs contribute to contamination in food products and that retail foods may serve as a vehicle of  S. aureus  between livestock and humans.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Gene Profiles of Methicillin-Resistant and -Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus From Food Products in Denmark