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Cordyceps militaris , a valuable edible and medicinal fungus, has attracted increasing attention because of its various bioactive ingredients. However, the biosynthetic pathway of  C. militaris  carotenoids is still unknown due to lack of transcriptome information. To uncover genes related to the biosynthesis of  C. militaris  carotenoids, the transcriptomes of mycelia CM10_D cultured under dark conditions and mycelia CM10_L cultured under light exposure conditions were sequenced. Compared with mycelia CM10_D, 866 up-regulated genes and 856 down-regulated genes were found in mycelia CM10_L. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicated that DEGs were mainly classified into the “metabolic process,” “membrane,” and “catalytic activity” terms. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs suggested that DEGs were mainly enriched in “metabolic pathways,” “MAPK signaling pathway-yeast,” and “biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.” In addition, the carotenoid content of the  Cmtns  gene deletion mutant (Δ Cmtns ) was significantly lower than that of the wild-type  C. militaris  CM10, while the carotenoid content of the complementary strain (Δ Cmtns-c ) of the  Cmtns  gene was not significantly different from that of  C. militaris  CM10, suggesting that the  Cmtns  gene significantly affected the biosynthesis of carotenoids in  C. militaris . These results potentially pave the way for revealing the biosynthetic pathway of carotenoids and improving carotenoids production in  C. militaris .

Transcriptome Analysis of Cordyceps militaris Reveals Genes Associated With Carotenoid Synthesis and Identification of the Function of the Cmtns Gene