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Linezolid and vancomycin are among the last-resort antimicrobial agents in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections. Linezolid- and vancomycin-resistant (LVR) Gram-positive bacteria may pose severe threats to public health. In this study, three  optrA-  and  vanG -positive  Streptococcus suis  strains were isolated from two farms of different cities. There were only 1 and 343 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding region (cSNPs) of HCB4 and YSJ7 to YSJ17, respectively. Mobilome analysis revealed the presence of  vanG ,  erm (B),  tet (O/W/32/O), and  aadE - apt - sat4 - aphA3  cluster on an integrative and conjugative element, ICE Ssu YSJ17, and  erm (B),  aphA3 ,  aac(6′)-aph(2″) ,  cat pC 194 , and  optrA  on a prophage, ΦSsuYSJ17-3. ICE Ssu YSJ17 exhibited a mosaic structure and belongs to a highly prevalent and transferable ICE Sa 2603 family of  Streptococcus  species. ΦSsuYSJ17-3 shared conserved backbone to a transferable prophage Φm46.1. A novel composite transposon, IS 1216E - araC - optrA - hp - cat pC 194 -IS 1216E , which can be circulated as translocatable unit (TU) by IS 1216E , was integrated on ΦSsuYSJ17-3. Vancomycin resistance phenotype and  vanG  transcription assays revealed that the  vanG  operon was inducible. The LVR strain YSJ17 exhibited moderate virulence in a zebrafish infection model. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LVR isolate, which is mediated by acquired resistance genes  optrA  and  vanG  operons in Gram-positive bacteria. Since  S. suis  has been recognized as an antimicrobial resistance reservoir in the spread of resistance genes to major streptococcal pathogens, the potential risks of disseminating of  optrA  and  vanG  from  S. suis  to other  Streptococcus  spp. are worrisome and routine surveillance should be strengthened.

Characterization of a Linezolid- and Vancomycin-Resistant Streptococcus suis Isolate That Harbors optrA and vanG Operons