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Bacillus subtilis  is recognized as a safe and reliable human and animal probiotic and is associated with bioactivities such as production of vitamin and immune stimulation. Additionally, it has great potential to be used as an alternative to antimicrobial drugs, which is significant in the context of antibiotic abuse in food animal production. In this study, we isolated one strain of  B. subtilis , named WS-1, from apparently healthy pigs growing with sick cohorts on one  Escherichia coli  endemic commercial pig farm in Guangdong, China. WS-1 can strongly inhibit the growth of pathogenic  E. coli in vitro . The  B. subtilis  strain WS-1 showed typical  Bacillus  characteristics by endospore staining, biochemical test, enzyme activity analysis, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Genomic analysis showed that the  B. subtilis  strain WS-1 shares 100% genomic synteny with  B. subtilis  with a size of 4,088,167 bp. Importantly, inoculation of newborn piglets with 1.5 × 10 10  CFU of  B. subtilis  strain WS-1 by oral feeding was able to clearly inhibit diarrhea ( p  < 0.05) and death ( p  < 0.05) caused by pathogenic  E. coli  in piglets. Furthermore, histopathological results showed that the WS-1 strain could protect small intestine from lesions caused by  E. coli  infection. Collectively, these findings suggest that the probiotic  B. subtilis  strain WS-1 acts as a potential biocontrol agent protecting pigs from pathogenic  E. coli  infection.   Importance:  In this work, one  B. subtilis  strain (WS-1) was successfully isolated from apparently healthy pigs growing with sick cohorts on one  E. coli  endemic commercial pig farm in Guangdong, China. The  B. subtilis  strain WS-1 was identified to inhibit the growth of pathogenic  E. coli  both  in vitro  and  in vivo , indicating its potential application in protecting newborn piglets from diarrhea caused by  E. coli  infections. The isolation and characterization will help better understand this bacterium, and the strain WS-1 can be further explored as an alternative to antimicrobial drugs to protect human and animal health.

A Newly Isolated Bacillus subtilis Strain Named WS-1 Inhibited Diarrhea and Death Caused by Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Newborn Piglets