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Rice stripe virus (RSV) is naturally transmitted by the small brown planthopper and infects plants of the family  Poaceae . Under laboratory conditions, RSV can infect  Nicotiana benthamiana  by mechanical inoculation, providing a useful system to study RSV–plant interactions. Measurements of CO 2  assimilation ability and PSII photochemical efficiency showed that these were both reduced in  N. benthamiana  plants infected by RSV. These plants also had decreased expression of the  N. benthamiana Phosphoribulokinases  ( NbPRKs ), the key gene in the Calvin cycle. When the  NbPRKs  were silenced using the TRV-Virus Induced Gene Silencing system, the plants had decreased CO 2  assimilation ability, indicating that the downregulated expression of  NbPRKs  contributes to the reduced CO 2  assimilation ability of RSV-infected plants. Additionally,  NbPRKs -silenced plants were more resistant to RSV. Similarly, resistance was enhanced by silencing of either  N. benthamiana Rubisco  small subunit ( NbRbCS ) or  Phosphoglycerate kinase  ( NbPGK ), two other key genes in the Calvin cycle. Conversely, transgenic plants overexpressing  NbPRK1  were more susceptible to RSV infection. The results suggest that a normally functional Calvin cycle may be necessary for RSV infection of  N. benthamiana .

frontiers in microbiology

Retardation of the Calvin Cycle Contributes to the Reduced CO2 Assimilation Ability of Rice Stripe Virus-Infected N. benthamiana and Suppresses Viral Infection