English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Fungal metabolites are considered to be most efficient tools to overcome the issues related to insecticide resistance and environmental pollution. The present study focus on the evaluation of the mosquito larvicidal efficacy of metabolites of seven indigenous fungal isolates ( Penicillium  sp.  Aspergillus niger ,  A. flavus ,  A. parasiticus ,  Rhizopus  sp.  Mucor  sp. and  Aspergillus  sp.) on the larvae of  Aedes aegypti  and  Culex quinquefasciatus  under the laboratory condition. The preliminary screening of the isolate,  Penicillium  sp. showed better larvicidal effect when compared to other fungi. The fungus was grown on Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) in the laboratory (at 25°C) and maintained in the relative humidity (at 76 ± 4% for 15 days). Larvicidal potency of mycelial ethyl acetate extract (MEAE) of  Penicillium  sp. was performed against 1st to 4th instars larvae of  Ae. aegypti  and  Cx. quinquefasciatus  using four different concentrations (100, 200, 300, and 500 μg/ml) that showed better larval mortality values (μg/ml) of LC 50  = 6.554, 5.487, 6.874, 6.892, and the LC 90  = 11.486, 10.366, 12.879, 13.865 for  Ae. aegypti  and LC 50  = 7.000, 13.943, 18.129, 25.212 and the LC 90  = 12.541, 23.761, 30.923, 41.696 for  Cx. quinquefasciatus . Exposure of metabolite to larvae resulted in behavior changes i.e., excitation, up and down with aggressive movement, anal papillae biting behavior. Further, the larvae treated with  Penicillium  sp. metabolite exhibited significant reduction in the levels of acetylcholinesterase. The 4th instar mosquito larvae treated with the 500 μg/ml mycelia extract showed severe histological damages. During the antibacterial analysis of  Penicillium  sp.- mycelium the maximum growth inhibition zone was recorded in  Shigella dysenteriae  (31.2 mm) and  Klebsiella pneumoniae  (31.1 mm) followed by others. In addition, to check the toxicity of  Penicillium  sp. MEAE against embryos of Zebrafish, a model system, using different concentrations of metabolites (1.0, 0.5, 0.125 mg/ml, 30, 3.0, and 0.5 μg/ml) and life-stage parameters were observed at 124 hpf. Furthermore, the Fourier Transformed Infrared and GCMS spectrum analysis of mycelium reflected several chemical compounds. The outcome of the study clearly shows that  Penicillium  sp. metabolites could serve as an ideal eco-friendly, single-step and inexpensive source for the control of  Ae. aegypti  and  Cx. quinquefasciatus  larvae.

frontiers in microbiology

Larvicidal, Histopathological, Antibacterial Activity of Indigenous Fungus Penicillium sp. Against Aedes aegypti L and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition and Toxicity Assessment of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)