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High-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) signaling pathway belongs to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades that regulate responses of organism to diverse extracellular stimuli. The membrane spanning proteins Sho1 and Sln1 serve as biosensors of HOG pathway in  Saccharomyces cerevisiae . In this study, we investigated the biological functions of  BcSHO1  and  BcSLN1  in the gray mold fungus  Botrytis cinerea . Target gene deletion demonstrated that both  BcSHO1  and  BcSLN1  are important for mycelial growth, conidiation and sclerotial formation. The  BcSHO1  and  BcSLN1  double deletion mutant Δ BcSln1-Sho1  produced much more, but smaller sclerotia than Δ BcSho1  and the wild-type (WT) strain, while Δ BcSln1  failed to develop sclerotia on all tested media, instead, formed a large number of conidia. Infection tests revealed that the virulence of Δ BcSln1-Sho1  decreased significantly, however, Δ BcSho1  or Δ BcSln1  showed no difference with the WT strain. In addition, Δ BcSln1-Sho1  exhibited resistance to osmotic stress by negatively regulating the phosphorylation of BcSak1 (yeast Hog1). All the phenotypic defects of mutants were recovered by target gene complementation. These results suggest that  BcSHO1  and  BcSLN1  share some functional redundancy in the regulation of fungal development, pathogenesis and osmotic stress response in  B. cinerea .

frontiers in microbiology

The Sensor Proteins BcSho1 and BcSln1 Are Involved in, Though Not Essential to, Vegetative Differentiation, Pathogenicity and Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Botrytis cinerea