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FosB, a Mg 2+  dependent thioltransferase, confers antibiotic resistance to fosfomycin through enzymatic drug inactivation. Among all antibiotic resistant proteins in the Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database and the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database, FosB is within 5% of the most number of ARPs identified in Human Microbiome Project reference database but mainly distributed in limited genera, i.e., 122 of total 133 FosB homologues are found from  Bacillus  and  Staphylococcus . Furthermore, these FosB sequences could be divided into three clusters based on their phylogenetic relationship, i.e., two groups of FosB were mainly from  Bacillus , and another was mainly from  Staphylococcus . Finally, we confirmed that FosB from the group of  Staphylococcus  presented the highest resistance ability to fosfomycin by  in silico  and  in vitro  comparisons. In summary, this study elaborates the specific taxonomic characteristics and resistant abilities of FosB in human microbiota, which might help in developing more promising fosfomycin-like antibiotics.

Taxonomic Distribution of FosB in Human-Microbiota and Activity Comparison of Fosfomycin Resistance