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Hydrogen (H 2 ) metabolism has attracted considerable interest because the activities of H 2 -producing and consuming microbes shape the global H 2  cycle and may have vital relationships with the global cycling of other elements. There are many pathways of microbial H 2  emission and consumption which may affect the structure and function of microbial communities. A wide range of microbial groups employ H 2  as an electron donor to catalyze the reduction of pollutants such as organohalides, azo compounds, and trace metals. Syntrophy coupled mutualistic interaction between H 2 -producing and H 2 -consuming microorganisms can transfer H 2  and be accompanied by the removal of toxic compounds. Moreover, hydrogenases have been gradually recognized to have a key role in the progress of pollutant degradation. This paper reviews recent advances in elucidating role of H 2  metabolism involved in syntrophy and hydrogenases in environmental bioremediation. Further investigations should focus on the application of bioenergy in bioremediation to make microbiological H 2  metabolism a promising remediation strategy.

Function of Biohydrogen Metabolism and Related Microbial Communities in Environmental Bioremediation