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Microcosm experiments with CE-contaminated groundwater from a former industrial site were set-up to evaluate the relationships between biological CE dissipation, dehalogenase genes abundance and bacterial genera diversity. Impact of high concentrations of PCE on organohalide respiration was also evaluated. Complete or partial dechlorination of PCE, TCE,  cis -DCE and VC was observed independently of the addition of a reducing agent (Na 2 S) or an electron donor (acetate). The addition of either 10 or 100 μM PCE had no effect on organohalide respiration. qPCR analysis of reductive dehalogenases genes ( pceA, tceA, vcrA , and  bvcA ) indicated that the version of  pceA  gene found in the genus  Dehalococcoides  [hereafter named  pceA (Dhc)] and  vcrA  gene increased in abundance by one order of magnitude during the first 10 days of incubation. The version of the  pceA  gene found, among others, in the genus  Dehalobacter, Sulfurospirillum, Desulfuromonas , and  Geobacter  [hereafter named  pceA (Dhb)] and  bvcA  gene showed very low abundance. The  tceA  gene was not detected throughout the experiment. The proportion of  pceA (Dhc) or  vcrA  genes relative to the universal 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene increased by up to 6-fold upon completion of  cis- DCE dissipation. Sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons indicated that the abundance of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) affiliated to dehalogenating genera  Dehalococcoides, Sulfurospirillum , and  Geobacter  represented more than 20% sequence abundance in the microcosms. Among organohalide respiration associated genera, only abundance of  Dehalococcoides  spp. increased up to fourfold upon complete dissipation of PCE and  cis -DCE, suggesting a major implication of  Dehalococcoides  in CEs organohalide respiration. The relative abundance of  pceA  and  vcrA  genes correlated with the occurrence of  Dehalococcoides  and with dissipation extent of PCE,  cis -DCE and CV. A new type of dehalogenating  Dehalococcoides  sp. phylotype affiliated to the Pinellas group, and suggested to contain both  pceA (Dhc) and  vcrA  genes, may be involved in organohalide respiration of CEs in groundwater of the study site. Overall, the results demonstrate  in situ  dechlorination potential of CE in the plume, and suggest that taxonomic and functional biomarkers in laboratory microcosms of contaminated groundwater following pollutant exposure can help predict bioremediation potential at contaminated industrial sites.

Functional Genes and Bacterial Communities During Organohalide Respiration of Chloroethenes in Microcosms of Multi-Contaminated Groundwater