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Biosulfidogenesis can be used to remediate low pH and high metal content waters such as acid mine drainage and recover the present metals. The selection of a cheap electron donor for the process is important for the economic viability. In this work we isolated a novel versatile acidotolerant fermentative bacterium (strain ALE T ) that is able to use a great variety of substrates including glycerol. Strain ALE T  is an obligate anaerobe, and cells are motile, rod-shaped, spore-forming, and stain Gram-positive. Growth occurred in a pH range from 3.5 to 7 (optimum 5.5), and temperature range from 25 to 40°C (optimum 37°C). It grows by fermentation of sugars, organic acids and glycerol. It has the ability to use thiosulfate, iron and DMSO as electron acceptors. Its genome is 4.7 Mb with 5122 protein-coding sequences, and a G+C content of 46.9 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest cultured species is  Propionispora hippei  (91.4% 16S rRNA gene identity) from the  Sporomusaceae  family ( Selenomonadales  order,  Negativicutes  class,  Firmicutes  phylum). Based on the distinctive physiological and phylogenetic characteristics of strain ALE T , a new genus and species  Lucifera butyrica  gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is ALE T  (=JCM 19373 T  = DSM 27520 T ). Strain ALE T  is an incomplete oxidizer and acetate, among other products, accumulates during glycerol conversion. Strain ALE T  was used to extend the substrate range for sulfur reduction by constructing co-cultures with the acetate oxidizer and sulfur reducer  Desulfurella amilsii.  The co-culture was tested with glycerol as substrate in batch and chemostat experiments. Acetate formed by fermentation of glycerol by strain ALE T  resulted in sulfur reduction by  D. amilsii . The co-culture strategy offers good perspectives to use a wide range of cost-efficient substrates, including glycerol, to produce sulfide by specialized sulfur reducers. The recovery of heavy metals from metalliferous streams may become economically feasible by this approach.   Note:  The locus tag for the genes encoded in  Lucifera butyrica  is LUCI_ ∗ . To avoid repetition of the prefix along the text, the locus tags are represented by the specific identifier.

frontiers in microbiology

Co-culture of a Novel Fermentative Bacterium, Lucifera butyrica gen. nov. sp. nov., With the Sulfur Reducer Desulfurella amilsii for Enhanced Sulfidogenesis