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Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential cofactor for numerous cellular reactions in all living organisms. In the protozoan parasite  Entamoeba histolytica , CoA is synthesized in a pathway consisting of four enzymes with dephospho-CoA kinase (DPCK) catalyzing the last step. However, the metabolic and physiological roles of  E. histolytica  DPCK remain elusive. In this study, we took biochemical, reverse genetic, and metabolomic approaches to elucidate role of DPCK in  E. histolytica . The  E. histolytica  genome encodes two DPCK isotypes ( Eh DPCK1 and  Eh DPCK2). Epigenetic gene silencing of  Ehdpck1  and  Ehdpck2  caused significant reduction of DPCK activity, intracellular CoA concentrations, and also led to growth retardation  in vitro , suggesting importance of DPCK for CoA synthesis and proliferation. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis showed that suppression of  Ehdpck  gene expression also caused decrease in the level of acetyl-CoA, and metabolites involved in amino acid, glycogen, hexosamine, nucleic acid metabolisms, chitin, and polyamine biosynthesis. The kinetic properties of  E. histolytica  and human DPCK showed remarkable differences, e.g., the Km values of  E. histolytica  and human DPCK were 58–114 and 5.2 μM toward dephospho-CoA and 15–20 and 192 μM for ATP, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis also supported the uniqueness of the amebic enzyme compared to the human counterpart. These biochemical, evolutionary features, and physiological importance of  Eh DPCKs indicate that  Eh DPCK represents the rational target for the development of anti-amebic agents.

frontiers in microbiology

Biochemical, Metabolomic, and Genetic Analyses of Dephospho Coenzyme A Kinase Involved in Coenzyme A Biosynthesis in the Human Enteric Parasite Entamoeba histolytica