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Thermotolerant  Campylobacter  species  C. jejuni  and  C. coli  are actually recognized as the major bacterial agent responsible for food-transmitted gastroenteritis. The most effective antimicrobials against  Campylobacter  are macrolides and some, but not all aminoglycosides. Among these, susceptibility to streptomycin is reduced by mutations in the ribosomal RPSL protein or by expression of ANT(6)-I aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferases. The presence of streptomycin resistance genes was evaluated among streptomycin-resistant  Campylobacter  isolated from humans and animals by using PCR with degenerated primers devised to distinguish  ant(6)-Ia ,  ant(6)-Ib  and other  ant -like genes. Genes encoding ANT(6)-I enzymes were found in all possible combinations with a major fraction of the isolates carrying a previously described  ant -like gene, distantly related and belonging to the new  ant(6)-I  sub-family  ant(6)-Ie . Among  Campylobacter  isolates,  ant(6)-Ie  was uniquely found functional in  C. coli , as shown by gene transfer and phenotype expression in  Escherichia coli , unlike detected coding sequences in  C. jejuni  that were truncated by an internal frame shift associated to RPSL mutations in streptomycin resistant strains. The genetic relationships of  C. coli  isolates with ANT(6)-Ie revealed one cluster of strains presented in bovine and humans, suggesting a circulation pathway of  Campylobacter  strains by consuming contaminated calf meat by bacteria expressing this streptomycin resistance element.

frontiers in microbiology

ant(6)-I Genes Encoding Aminoglycoside O-Nucleotidyltransferases Are Widely Spread Among Streptomycin Resistant Strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli