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Diverse mobile genetic elements (MGEs) including plasmids, insertion sequences, and integrons play an important role in the occurrence and spread of multidrug resistance (MDR) in bacteria. It was found in previous studies that IS 26  and class 1 integrons integrated on plasmids to speed the dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes in  Salmonella . It is aimed to figure out the patterns of specific genetic arrangements between IS 26  and class 1 integrons located in plasmids in MDR  Salmonella  in this study. A total of 74 plasmid-harboring  Salmonella  isolates were screened for the presence of IS 26  by PCR amplification, and 39 were IS 26 -positive. Among them, 37 isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. The thirty-seven antibiotic-resistant isolates were further involved in PCR detection of class 1 integrons and variable regions, and all were positive for class 1 integrons. Six IS 26 -class 1 integron arrangements with IS 26  inserted into the upstream or downstream of class 1 integrons were characterized. Eight combinations of these IS 26 -class 1 integron arrangements were identified among 31 antibiotic-resistant isolates. Multidrug-resistance plasmids of the IncHI2 incompatibility group were dominant, which all belonged to ST3 by plasmid double locus sequence typing. These 21 IncHI2-positive isolates harbored six complex IS 26 -class 1 integron arrangement patterns. Conjugation assays and Southern blot hybridizations confirmed that conjugative multidrug-resistance IncHI2 plasmids harbored the different complex IS 26 -class 1 integron arrangements. The conjugation frequency of IncHI2 plasmids transferring alone was 10 −5 -10 −6 , reflecting that different complex IS 26 -class 1 integron arrangement patterns didn't significantly affect conjugation frequency ( P  > 0.05). These data suggested that class 1 integrons represent the hot spot for IS 26  insertion, forming diverse MDR loci. And ST3-IncHI2 was the major plasmid lineage contributing to the horizontal transfer of composite IS 26 -class 1 integron MDR elements in  Salmonella .

Transmissible ST3-IncHI2 Plasmids Are Predominant Carriers of Diverse Complex IS26-Class 1 Integron Arrangements in Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella