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The coral symbiont  Symbiodinium  plays important roles in the adaptation of coral to environmental changes. However, coral- Symbiodinium  symbiotic associations are not well-understood in the South China Sea (SCS) whilst considering environmental factors and host taxa. In this study, next-generation sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) marker gene was used to explore the symbiotic associations between  Symbiodinium  and five typical coral species across tropical and subtropical reef regions of the SCS. The results showed that  Acropora  sp.,  Galaxea fascicularis ,  Platygyra lamellina , and  Sarcophyton glaucum  exhibited distinct  Symbiodinium  compositions between tropical and subtropical reef regions, whereas  Porites lutea  had stable  Symbiodinium  compositions. More heterogeneous  Symbiodinium  compositions among different coral species were observed in the tropical region, but there were no statistically significant differences in  Symbiodinium  compositions among different coral species in subtropical reef regions. There was a correlation between the  Symbiodinium  compositions and environmental factors, except for the composition of  P. lutea .  Symbiodinium  subclades D1, D2, C71, C71a, C21, C3b, and C161 were primarily explained by the seawater temperature, nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate. Several host-specific  Symbiodinium  subclades (e.g., C15, C15.6, and C91) were observed in  P. lutea  as well. The findings of this study demonstrate the relationship of  Symbiodinium  diversity with coral hosts and the environment are helpful for elucidating the adaptation of corals to global climate change and anthropogenic disturbance.

frontiers in microbiology

Flexible Symbiotic Associations of Symbiodinium With Five Typical Coral Species in Tropical and Subtropical Reef Regions of the Northern South China Sea