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Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) have shown positive effects on host gut health and influence on intestinal microbial community. However, the bioactivity and mechanism of COS on gut microbiota is still poorly understood. Here, we presented systematic studies of COS on mice fecal/gut microbiota. During  in vitro  fermentation of COS by mice gut microbiota, total bacterial population significantly decreased after 8-h COS treatment but was returned to the normal level after extended incubation. Consumption of COS and production of SCFAs suggested that COS were utilized by the microbe, although the consumption of chitosan pentasaccharides was obviously slower than others. COS treatments on mice fecal samples caused the decrease of potential pathogenic genera  Escherichia/Shigella  and the increase of genus  Parabacteroides .  In vivo  animal study indicated that COS reduced population of probiotic genera  Lactobacillus ,  Bifidobacterium  and harmful genus  Desulfovibrio , and increased abundance of genus  Akkermansia . Phylum  Proteobacteria  was significantly inhibited by COS both in the animal model and  in vitro  fermentation. Our findings suggested that COS could reform the community structure of gut microbiota. The relationship among COS, gut microbiota and host health deserve further study.

Exploring Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharides on Mice Gut Microbiota in in vitro Fermentation and Animal Model