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Efflux is a primary fluoroquinolone resistance mechanism in  Listeria monocytogenes . In the present study, ciprofloxacin resistant strains were selected by exposure of sensitive strain to progressively increasing concentrations of ciprofloxacin and then the roles of efflux pumps Lde and MdrL in the development of resistance to ciprofloxacin were also investigated in  L. monocytogenes . Ciprofloxacin sensitive strain of  L. monocytogenes  exhibited reduced susceptibility to this antibiotic after induction. Cross-resistance to ethidium bromide (EtBr) was observed in ciprofloxacin-induced strains. However, cross-resistance to benzalkonium chloride (BC) did not occur in this study. Compared to the wild-type strain HL06, the expression levels of  lde  were increased in four ciprofloxacin-induced strains. The single-gene deletion mutants of  lde  and  mdrL  from the ciprofloxacin-induced resistant strain HL06CIP4 were constructed. However, decreased minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin was observed only in HL06CIP4Δ lde  compared to that of the parental strain HL06CIP4. Ciprofloxacin uptake appeared to be obviously increased in HL06CIP4Δ lde  in relative to HL06CIP4. These evidences suggested that efflux pump Lde is involved in ciprofloxacin resistance in  L. monocytogenes  HL06CIP4. The deletion of  lexA  had no effect on the expression levels of  lde  in HL06CIP4 in the absence or presence of ciprofloxacin, indicating that LexA was not involved in the regulation of efflux pump Lde in  L. monocytogenes .

Role of Efflux Pumps in the in vitro Development of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Listeria monocytogenes