English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Alternaria alternata  relies on the ability to produce a host-selective toxin and to detoxify reactive oxygen species to successfully colonize the host. An  A. alternata  major facilitator superfamily transporter designated AaMFS54 was functionally characterized by analysis of loss- and gain-of-function mutations to better understand the factors required for fungal pathogenesis.  AaMFS54  was originally identified from a wild-type expression library after being subtracted with that of a mutant impaired for the oxidative stress-responsive transcription regulator Yap1. AaMFS54 contains 14 transmembrane helixes. Fungal mutant lacking  AaMFS54  produced fewer conidia and increased sensitivity to many potent oxidants (potassium superoxide and singlet-oxygen generating compounds), xenobiotics (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid and 2-chloro-5-hydroxypyridine), and fungicides (clotrimazole, fludioxonil, vinclozolin, and iprodione).  AaMFS54  mutant induced necrotic lesion sizes similar to those induced by wild-type on leaves of susceptible citrus cultivars after point inoculation with spore suspensions. However, the mutant produced smaller colonies and less fluffy hyphae on the affected leaves. Virulence assays on citrus leaves inoculated by spraying with spores revealed that  AaMFS54  mutant induced less severe lesions than wild-type, indicating the requirement of AaMFS54 in pathogenesis. All defective phenotypes were restored in a strain re-acquiring a functional copy of  AaMFS54 . Northern blotting analysis revealed that the expression of  AaMFS54  was suppressed by xenobiotics. The current studies indicate that the Yap1-mediated transporter plays a role in resistance to toxic oxidants and fungicides in  A. alternata . The relationships of MFS transporters with other regulatory components conferring stress resistance and  A. alternata  pathogenesis are also discussed.

frontiers in microbiology

A Major Facilitator Superfamily Transporter Regulated by the Stress-Responsive Transcription Factor Yap1 Is Required for Resistance to Fungicides, Xenobiotics, and Oxidants and Full Virulence in Alternaria alternata