English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The black rot pathogen  Xanthomonas campestris  pv.  campestris  ( Xcc ) is a model organism for the study of plant bacterial pathogenesis mechanisms. In bacteria, σ factors serve as important regulatory elements that respond to various environmental signals and cues. Though  Xcc  encodes 15 putative σ factors little is known about their roles. As an approach to identify the potential role of each σ factor, we constructed mutations in each of the σ-factor genes as well as generating mutants deficient in multiple σ factors to assess these regulators potential additive functions. The work identified two σ 70  factors essential for growth. Furthermore, the work discovered a third σ 70  factor, RpoE1, important for virulence. Further studies revealed that RpoE1 positively regulates the expression of the  hrp  gene cluster that encodes the type III secretion system (T3SS) which determines the pathogenicity and hypersensitive response of  Xcc  on plants.  In vivo  and  in vitro  studies demonstrated that RpoE1 could bind to the promoter region and promote transcription of  hrpX , a gene encoding a key regulator of the  hrp  genes. Overall, this systematic analysis reveals important roles in  Xcc  survival and virulence for previously uncharacterized σ 70  factors that may become important targets for disease control.

frontiers in microbiology

Systematic Functional Analysis of Sigma (σ) Factors in the Phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris Reveals Novel Roles in the Regulation of Virulence and Viability