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To investigate the diversity of butane-oxidizing bacteria in soils contaminated by long-term light hydrocarbon microseepage and the influence of butane on the soil microbial community, a quantitative study and identification of butane-oxidizing bacteria (BOB) in soils at the Puguang gas field were performed by DNA-based stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP). For the first time, two phylotypes corresponding to the genera  Giesbergeria  and  Ramlibacter  were identified as being directly involved in butane oxidation, in addition to the well-known light hydrocarbon degrader  Pseudomonas . Furthermore,  bmoX  genes were strongly labeled by  13 C-butane, and their abundances in gas field soils increased by 43.14-, 17.39-, 21.74-, and 30.14-fold when incubated with butane for 6, 9, 12, and 14 days, respectively, indicating that these  bmoX- harboring bacteria could use butane as the sole carbon and energy source and they play an important role in butane degradation. We also found that the addition of butane rapidly shaped the bacterial community and reduced the diversity of  bmoX  genes in the gas field soils. These findings improve our understanding of BOB in the gas field environment and reveal the potential for their applications in petroleum exploration and bioremediation.

Novel Butane-Oxidizing Bacteria and Diversity of bmoX Genes in Puguang Gas Field