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Necrotrophic as well as saprophytic small-spored  Alternaria (A.)  species are annually responsible for major losses of agricultural products, such as cereal crops, associated with the contamination of food and feedstuff with potential health-endangering  Alternaria  toxins. Knowledge of the metabolic capabilities of different species-groups to form mycotoxins is of importance for a reliable risk assessment. 93  Alternaria  strains belonging to the four species groups  Alternaria tenuissima ,  A. arborescens ,  A. alternata , and  A. infectoria  were isolated from winter wheat kernels harvested from fields in Germany and Russia and incubated under equal conditions. Chemical analysis by means of an HPLC-MS/MS multi- Alternaria -toxin-method showed that 95% of all strains were able to form at least one of the targeted 17 non-host specific  Alternaria  toxins. Simultaneous production of up to 15 (modified)  Alternaria  toxins by members of the  A. tenuissima ,  A. arborescens ,  A. alternata  species-groups and up to seven toxins by  A. infectoria  strains was demonstrated. Overall tenuazonic acid was the most extensively formed mycotoxin followed by alternariol and alternariol mono methylether, whereas altertoxin I was the most frequently detected toxin. Sulfoconjugated modifications of alternariol, alternariol mono methylether, altenuisol and altenuene were frequently determined. Unknown perylene quinone derivatives were additionally detected. Strains of the species-group  A. infectoria  could be segregated from strains of the other three species-groups due to significantly lower toxin levels and the specific production of infectopyrone. Apart from infectopyrone, alterperylenol was also frequently produced by 95% of the  A. infectoria  strains. Neither by the concentration nor by the composition of the targeted  Alternaria  toxins a differentiation between the species-groups  A. alternata ,  A. tenuissima  and  A. arborescens  was possible.

Chemotaxonomy of Mycotoxigenic Small-Spored Alternaria Fungi – Do Multitoxin Mixtures Act as an Indicator for Species Differentiation?