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The bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) regulates a variety of cellular processes in addition to catalyzing the coupled transport and phosphorylation of carbohydrates. We recently reported that, in the presence of glucose, HPr of the PTS is dephosphorylated and interacts with pyruvate kinase A (PykA) catalyzing the conversion of PEP to pyruvate in  Vibrio vulnificus . Here, we show that this interaction enables  V. vulnificus  to survive H 2 O 2  stress by increasing pyruvate production. A  pykA  deletion mutant was more susceptible to H 2 O 2  stress than wild-type  V. vulnificus  without any decrease in the expression level of catalase, and this sensitivity was rescued by the addition of pyruvate. The H 2 O 2  sensitivity difference between wild-type and  pykA  mutant strains becomes more apparent in the presence of glucose. Fungi isolated from the natural habitat of  V. vulnificus  retarded the growth of the  pykA  mutant more severely than the wild-type strain in the presence of glucose by glucose oxidase-dependent generation of H 2 O 2 . These data suggest that  V. vulnificus  has evolved to resist the killing action of its fungal competitors by increasing pyruvate production in the presence of glucose.

Stimulation of Vibrio vulnificus Pyruvate Kinase in the Presence of Glucose to Cope With H2O2 Stress Generated by Its Competitors