English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Acidovorax citrulli  causes bacterial fruit blotch, a disease that poses a global threat to watermelon and melon production. Despite its economic importance, relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity and virulence of  A. citrulli . Like other plant-pathogenic bacteria,  A. citrulli  relies on a type III secretion system (T3SS) for pathogenicity. On the basis of sequence and operon arrangement analyses,  A. citrulli  was found to have a class II  hrp  gene cluster similar to those of  Xanthomonas  and  Ralstonia  spp. In the class II  hrp  cluster,  hrpG  and  hrpX  play key roles in the regulation of T3SS effectors. However, little is known about the regulation of the T3SS in  A. citrulli . This study aimed to investigate the roles of  hrpG  and  hrpX  in  A. citrulli  pathogenicity. We found that  hrpG  or  hrpX  deletion mutants of the  A. citrulli  group II strain Aac5 had reduced pathogenicity on watermelon seedlings, failed to induce a hypersensitive response in tobacco, and elicited higher levels of reactive oxygen species in  Nicotiana benthamiana  than the wild-type strain. Additionally, we demonstrated that HrpG activates HrpX in  A. citrulli . Moreover, transcription and translation of the type 3-secreted effector (T3E) gene  Aac5_2166  were suppressed in  hrpG  and  hrpX  mutants. Notably,  hrpG  and  hrpX  appeared to modulate biofilm formation. These results suggest that  hrpG  and  hrpX  are essential for pathogenicity, regulation of T3Es, and biofilm formation in  A. citrulli .

Involvement of hrpX and hrpG in the Virulence of Acidovorax citrulli Strain Aac5, Causal Agent of Bacterial Fruit Blotch in Cucurbits