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Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors are a major type of bacterial signal-transducers whose biological functions remain poorly characterized in streptomycetes. In this work we studied SCO4117, a conserved ECF sigma factor from the ECF52 family overexpressed during substrate and aerial mycelium stages. The ECF52 sigma factors harbor, in addition to the ECF sigma factor domain, a zinc finger domain, a transmembrane region, a proline-rich C-terminal extension, and a carbohydrate-binding domain. This class of ECF sigma factors is exclusive to Actinobacteria. We demonstrate that  SCO4117  is an activator of secondary metabolism, aerial mycelium differentiation, and sporulation, in all the culture media (sucrose-free R5A, GYM, MM, and SFM) analyzed. Aerial mycelium formation and sporulation are delayed in a  SCO4117  knockout strain. Actinorhodin production is delayed and calcium-dependent antibiotic production is diminished, in the Δ SCO4117  mutant. By contast, undecylprodigiosin production do not show significant variations. The expression of genes encoding secondary metabolism pathways (deoxysugar synthases, actinorhodin biosynthetic genes) and genes involved in differentiation ( rdl, chp, nepA, ssgB ) was dramatically reduced (up to 300-fold) in the  SCO4117  knockout. A putative motif bound, with the consensus “ C S G YN-17bps-SRH A ” sequence, was identified in the promoter region of 29 genes showing affected transcription in the  SCO4117  mutant, including one of the  SCO4117  promoters.  SCO4117  is a conserved gene with complex regulation at the transcriptional and post-translational levels and the first member of the ECF52 family characterized.

The SCO4117 ECF Sigma Factor Pleiotropically Controls Secondary Metabolism and Morphogenesis in Streptomyces coelicolor