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Fifty fungal isolates were sampled from diseased tomato plants as result of a survey conducted in seven tomato crop areas in Algeria from 2012 to 2015. Morphological criteria and PCR-based identification, using the primers PF02 and PF03, assigned 29 out of 50 isolates to  Fusarium oxysporum  ( Fo ). The banding patterns amplified for genes  SIX1, SIX3  and  SIX4  served to identify races 2 and 3 of  Fo  f. sp.  lycopersici  (FOL), and  Fo  f. sp.  radicis lycopersici  (FORL) among the Algerian isolates. All FOL isolates showed pathogenicity on the susceptible tomato cv. “Super Marmande,” while nine of out 10 Algerian FORL isolates were pathogenic on tomato cv. “Rio Grande.” Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) fingerprints showed high genetic diversity among Algerian  Fo  isolates. Seventeen Algerian  Trichoderma  isolates were also obtained and assigned to the species  T. asperellum  (12 isolates),  T. harzianum  (four isolates) and  T. ghanense  (one isolate) based on ITS and  tef1 α gene sequences. Different  in vitro  tests identified the antagonistic potential of native  Trichoderma  isolates against FORL and FOL. Greenhouse biocontrol assays performed on “SM” tomato plants with  T. ghanense  T8 and  T. asperellum  T9 and T17, and three  Fo  isolates showed that isolate T8 performed well against FORL and FOL. This finding was based on an incidence reduction of crown and root rot and Fusarium wilt diseases by 53.1 and 48.3%, respectively.

frontiers in microbiology

Distribution and Genetic Variability of Fusarium oxysporum Associated with Tomato Diseases in Algeria and a Biocontrol Strategy with Indigenous Trichoderma spp.