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The world potato is facing major economic losses due to disease pressure and environmental concerns regarding pesticides use. This work aims at addressing these two issues by isolating indigenous bacteria that can be integrated into pest management strategies. More than 2,800 strains of  Bacillus -like and  Pseudomonas -like were isolated from several soils and substrates associated with potato agro-systems in Belgium. Screenings for antagonistic activities against the potato pathogens  Alternaria solani, Fusarium solani  (BCCM-MUCL 5492),  Pectobacterium carotovorum  (ATCC 15713),  Phytophthora infestans  (CRA-W10022) and  Rhizoctonia solani  (BCCM-MUCL 51929) were performed, allowing the selection of 52  Bacillus  spp. and eight  Pseudomonas  spp. displaying growth inhibition of at least 50% under  in vitro  conditions, particularly against  P. infestans . All 60 bacterial isolates were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and further characterized for the production of potential bio-active secondary metabolites. The antagonistic activities displayed by the selected strains indicated that versatile metabolites can be produced by the strains. For instance, the detection of genes involved bacilysin biosynthesis was correlated with the strong antagonism of  Bacillus pumilus  strains toward  P. infestans , whereas the production of both bio-surfactants and siderophores might explain the high antagonistic activities against late blight. Greenhouse assays with potato plants were performed with the most effective strains (seven  Bacillus  spp. and four  Pseudomonas  spp.) in order to evaluate their  in vivo  antagonistic effect against  P. infestans . Based on these results, four strains ( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens  17A-B3,  Bacillus subtilis  30B-B6,  Pseudomonas brenneri  43R-P1 and  Pseudomonas protegens  44R-P8) were retained for further evaluation of their protection index against  P. infestans  in a pilot field trial. Interestingly,  B. subtilis  30B-B6 was shown to significantly decrease late blight severity throughout the crop season. Overall, this study showed that antagonistic indigenous soil bacteria can offer an alternative to the indiscriminate use of pesticide in potato agro-systems.

Versatile Antagonistic Activities of Soil-Borne Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. against Phytophthora infestans and Other Potato Pathogens