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A  Klebsiella pneumoniae  clinical strain, named SCKP83, was isolated and found to be resistant to colistin thanks to the presence plasmid-borne colistin resistant gene  mcr-1 . The strain was subjected to whole genome sequencing and conjugation experiments. The subsequent analysis indicated that the strain belongs to ST15 and the capsular type K41. In SCKP83,  mcr-1  was carried by a 97.4-kb non-self-transmissible plasmid, a 90.9-kb region of which was predicted as an intact phage. This phage was 47.79% GC content, encoded 105 proteins and contained three tRNAs.  mcr-1  was located downstream of two copies of the insertion sequence IS Apl1  (one complete and one truncated) and was inserted in the  ant1  gene, which encodes a putative antirepressor for antagonizing C1 repression, in this phage. The phage is highly similar to phage P7 (77% coverage and 98% identity) from  Escherichia coli . Several similar  mcr-1 -carrying plasmids have been found in  E. coli  at various locations in China, suggesting that these phage-like plasmids have circulated in China. The findings in this study suggest that the P7 phage-like plasmids are not restricted to  E. coli  and may represent new vehicles to mediate the inter-species spread of  mcr-1 .

A P7 Phage-Like Plasmid Carrying mcr-1 in an ST15 Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolate