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The interactive effects of asexual  Epichloë  (formerly known as  Neotyphodium ) endophytes isolated from  Hordeum brevisubulatum, Elymus tangutorum  and  Achnatherum inebrians , and seed-borne fungi on  Elymus sibiricus  seeds, were determined by an  in vitro  study using supernatants from liquid cultures of the endophyte strains. In an 8 week greenhouse study, the effects on the seedlings growth was measured. The  in vitro  study was carried out with the seed-borne fungi  Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium avenaceum , and a  Fusarium  sp. isolated from  E. sibiricus . Different concentrations and combinations of the liquid cultures of endophytic fungi enhanced the interim germination, germination rate, length of coleoptile and radicle, and seedling dry weight of  E. sibiricus  under stress from seed-borne fungi. In the greenhouse study, different concentrations of the supernatant of the endophytes from  H. brevisubulatum  and  E. tangutorum  but not  A .  inebrians , signficantly ( P  < 0.05) enhanced  E. sibiricus  seed germination. There was no significant ( P  > 0.05) increase of the tiller numbers after 2 weeks. However, later on, there were significant ( P  < 0.05) increases in tiller number (4–8 weeks), seedling height (2–8 weeks) and dry weight (2–8 weeks). The application of  Epichloë  endophyte culture supernatants was an effective strategy to improve seed germination and growth under greenhouse conditions.

The Effect of Seed-Borne Fungi and Epichloë Endophyte on Seed Germination and Biomass of Elymus sibiricus