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The fungus  Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes  infects plant hosts with a specialized cell called an appressorium, which is melanized and required for plant cell wall penetration. Here, we show that the mitogen-activated protein kinase  CgMK1  governs appressorium formation and virulence in the poplar anthracnose fungus  C. gloeosporioides . Deletion of  CgMK1  impairs aerial hyphal growth and biomass accumulation, and  CgMK1  is responsible for the expression of melanin biosynthesis-associated genes.  CgMK1  deletion mutants are unable to form appressorium and lose the capacity to colonize either wounded or unwounded poplar leaves, leading to loss of virulence. We demonstrate that the exogenous application of cAMP fails to restore defective appressorium formation in the  CgMK1  deletion mutants, suggesting that  CgMK1  may function downstream or independent of a cAMP-dependent signal for appressorium formation. Moreover,  CgMK1  mutants were sensitive to high osmosis, indicating that  CgMK1  plays an important role in stress response. We conclude that  CgMK1  plays a vital role in regulating appressorium formation, melanin biosynthesis, and virulence in  C. gloeosporiodes .

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase CgMK1 Governs Appressorium Formation, Melanin Synthesis, and Plant Infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides